BANK HOLDS INTEREST RATES AS INFLATION AND ECONOMY SHOW IMPROVEMENT

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The Bank of England held interest rates at 5.25% despite continued falls in the rate of inflation and a return for growth for the UK economy in January.

The Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted by eight to one to hold the base rate at 5.25%, the fifth month in a row that it has stayed at that level.

The Bank said that it needs to be certain that inflation will fall to its 2% target and stay there before making cuts to rates.

David Bharier, Head of Research at the BCC, said the decision to hold rates was widely expected.

He added:

‘However, it prolongs the period of uncertainty for firms grappling with high borrowing costs.

‘While [the] inflation data showed a further easing, most small businesses know that the economy remains fragile. The interest rate is itself a driver of inflation, as housing, rental, and borrowing costs continue to rise.

‘Our most recent forecast expects some cuts to the base rate going forward, potentially falling to 4.5% by the end of the year. But in the meantime, businesses need reassurance from policymakers that there is a clear plan to drive much needed economic growth.’

The Bank’s decision followed the release of data that showed the pace of inflation has slowed.

It fell to 3.4% in February, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

That is down from 4% in January and December, and the lowest rate for nearly two and a half years.

The slower pace of food price rises helped push down overall inflation, along with soft drinks, restaurants and hotels, the ONS said.

This effect was partially offset by petrol prices and rental costs.

Meanwhile, the UK’s economy returned to growth in January, according to the ONS.

The economy grew by 0.2% during the first month of 2024 following a fall in output during the previous month.

The economy was boosted by stronger sales in shops and online and more construction activity in January.

The ONS said the services sector led the bounce back after retailers struggled to draw in shoppers in December.

Internet link: BoE website BCC website ONS website ONS website

RELIEF AT HMRC’S REVERSAL OF HELPLINE CLOSURES

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HMRC’s decision to halt its plans to restrict taxpayer helplines and direct people to online services instead has been met with relief by the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB).

The tax authority had announced that it was closing its self assessment helpline for six months every year. It was also restricting the opening times of its VAT helpline and the usage of its PAYE helpline.

HMRC says it is halting these plans ‘in response to the feedback while it engages with its stakeholders about how to ensure all taxpayers’ needs’.

The FSB says that more investment in digital and telephone is needed – not a reduction in service.

Tina McKenzie, Policy Chair, FSB said:

‘Small businesses will definitely be relieved that the drastic reduction in HMRC’s helpline opening hours has been paused. We are very glad that HMRC has listened to the chorus of dismay which greeted its initial announcement.

‘While online services are a key part of the communications mix for the tax authority, sometimes there’s just no substitute for a real human on the end of a phone line who can listen, engage, and help untangle issues.

‘Before phone line cuts are considered, HMRC needs to build capacity in its digital services, as if those are improved – with real people online to offer help instead of chatbots – many small firms like to interact with the tax authority this way, as it can be more flexible and available out of hours.’

Internet link: GOV.UK FSB website

JEREMY HUNT CUTS NICS AGAIN IN THE SPRING BUDGET

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The Chancellor made further changes to National Insurance contributions (NICs) following the cuts made in the Autumn Statement 2023. The rates for NICs will be cut by two percentage points for both employees and the self-employed from 6 April 2024.

This will see Class 1 employee NICs reduced from 10% to 8% from 6 April 2024, down from 12% at the end of last year. Meanwhile, Class 4 self-employed NICs are cut from 9% to 6% from 6 April 2024.

Mr Hunt made a number of other changes that will relieve the tax burden on businesses, families and motorists. He cut the higher rate of capital gains tax on residential property disposals from 28% to 24%. The lower rate will remain at 18% for any gains that fall within an individual’s basic rate band.

The threshold for VAT registration will be lifted from £85,000 to £90,000 from 1 April 2024. According to the government, this will mean 28,000 businesses will no longer be VAT registered in 2024/25.

The Budget saw the creation of a new ISA that will allow people to invest in UK-focused assets. The new UK ISA creates an allowance of £5,000. This will be in addition to the £20,000 that can be subscribed into an ISA. The government will consult on the details.

The Chancellor made his cut to NICs possible with a series of tax raising measures. These include the abolition of the Furnished Holiday Lettings regime and Multiple Dwellings Relief, alongside a new duty on vaping and an increase in tobacco duty.

The UK’s tax rules for non-UK domiciled individuals will be replaced with a residence-based regime that Mr Hunt says will raise £2.7 billion in revenue.

This new regime will commence on 6 April 2025 and applies UK-wide. Individuals who opt in to the new regime will be exempt from UK tax on foreign income and gains for their first four years of residence in the UK, while the government will make transitional arrangements for existing non-doms.

Internet link: HM Treasury press release

BUSINESS GROUPS SAY CHALLENGES REMAIN DESPITE ENCOURAGING BUDGET

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The UK’s business groups warned that challenges remain despite the Chancellor delivering an encouraging Spring Budget.

The British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) said that while the cut to NICs would ‘boost jobs’ it had failed to ‘shift the dial’ for business.

Shevaun Haviland, Director General of the BCC, said:

‘Following the Autumn Statement this Budget was always set to deliver less for business, although changes to national insurance will provide some momentum.

‘However, beyond this there were no major announcements to help shift the dial on conditions for business. Business confidence is improving but the coming months will remain challenging for many companies. It is vital that the economy remains front and centre of the campaign to come.’

The Institute of Directors (IoD) branded the Spring Budget ‘unremarkable’ for businesses.

Roger Barker, Director of Policy at the IoD, said:

‘First and foremost, business was hoping for a Budget that would maintain a stable and credible policy framework for business. The Chancellor largely delivered that. However, beyond that, there was little in the announcements that can be regarded as a game-changer for business.’

Meanwhile, the Association of Independent Professionals and the Self-Employed (IPSE) said the Chancellor had ‘failed to address the substantive issues holding the self-employed back’.

Andy Chamberlain, Director of Policy at IPSE, said:

‘The self-employed make an enormous contribution to our economy and society, but it could be even greater if the government were to grasp the nettle of IR35 and address the forthcoming impact of Making Tax Digital for Self Assessment.’

Internet link: BCC website IoD website IPSE website

OVER ONE MILLION MISS SELF ASSESSMENT DEADLINE

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Over one million self assessment taxpayers missed the filing deadline at midnight on 31 January, according to data published by HMRC.

A record 11.5 million taxpayers did file their 2022/23 self assessment tax returns by the deadline.

HMRC’s figures also showed that 1.1 million missed the deadline.

The final day saw 778,068 beat the clock to complete their return.

The peak hour for filing on 31 January was between 16:00 and 16:59 when 61,549 taxpayers submitted their returns. 32,958 filed between 23:00 and 23:59.

HMRC has urged anyone who missed the deadline to submit their tax return as soon as possible – late filing and late payment penalties apply for those who failed to submit by the deadline. It stated that there are many ways to pay, including online, using the HMRC app, by bank transfer or via a Time to Pay payment plan.

Myrtle Lloyd, Director General for Customer Services at HMRC, said:

‘Thank you to the millions of self assessment customers and agents who met the deadline. Anyone who has yet to file and is concerned that they cannot pay in full may be able to spread the cost of what they owe with a payment plan. Search ‘pay your self assessment’ on GOV.UK to find out more.’

Internet link: HMRC press release

DOUBLE-CAB PICKUPS GO BACK TO BEING VANS AS GUIDANCE REVERSED

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Just a week after HMRC released new guidance that classed double-cab pickups as cars rather than vans, the government reversed the decision.

On 19 February, HMRC confirmed that it’s reversing the updated guidance announced on 12 February, meaning that double-cab pickups will continue to be treated as goods vehicles rather than cars.

The government said it reversed course after listening to concerns from farmers and the motoring industry on the impact of the changes to the tax treatment.

The government has acknowledged that the 2020 court decision and resultant guidance update could have an impact on businesses and individuals in a way that is not consistent with the government’s wider aims to support businesses

Double-cab pickups will continue to be goods vehicles for tax purposes and the tax on benefits in kind will not increase when employers provide these vehicles to their employees.

Nigel Huddleston, Financial Secretary to the Treasury, said:

‘We will change the law at the next available Finance Bill in order to avoid tax outcomes that could inadvertently harm farmers, van drivers and the UK’s economy.’

Internet link: GOV.UK

HMRC PUBLISHES GUIDANCE ON MTD FOR ITSA FOR SOLE TRADERS AND LANDLORDS

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HMRC has published guidance on the Making Tax Digital for Income Tax Self Assessment (MTD for ITSA) requirements for sole traders and landlords.

MTD for ITSA will require businesses and landlords with qualifying income to maintain digital records and update HMRC each quarter via compatible software.

In the guidance, HMRC stated that MTD for ITSA will be introduced in two phases:

  • from April 2026 for those with qualifying income over £50,000
  • from April 2027 for those with qualifying income over £30,000.

HMRC said that MTD will exploit ‘the opportunities offered by digitalisation to make it easier for everyone to get tax right’.

It said that digitalising government tax services helps to reduce the risk of unintentional customer errors; saves taxpayers time when they submit their tax returns; supports wider productivity and less time managing paperwork; and enables HMRC to better tailor its services to its customers.

In its latest guidance, HMRC estimates an average transitional cost of £115 for businesses mandated to use MTD for ITSA. Businesses within the £30,000 to £50,000 threshold are estimated to incur an average cost of £350 while those above £50,000 may incur an average cost of £285.

Internet link: GOV.UK

HMRC SENDS WARNING TO CRYPTOASSET USERS

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As the use of cryptoassets continues to grow HMRC is warning people to check if they need to complete a self assessment tax return for the 2022/23 tax year to avoid potential penalties.

Anyone with cryptoassets should declare any income or gains above the tax-free allowance on a tax return.

Tax may be due when a person:

  • receives cryptoassets from employment, if they are held as part of a trade, or are involved in crypto-related activities that generate an income
  • sells or exchanges cryptoassets, including:
    • selling cryptoassets for money
    • exchanging one type of cryptoasset for another
    • using cryptoassets to make purchases
    • gifting cryptoassets to another person
    • donating cryptoassets to charity.

Myrtle Lloyd, HMRC’s Director General for Customer Services, said:

‘People sometimes forget that information about crypto-related income and gains need to be included in their tax return. Some people affected may not have had to do a tax return before, so it is important people check.’

Internet link: HMRC press release

GOVERNMENT BORROWING FALLS AS CHANCELLOR HINTS AT TAX CUTS IN SPRING BUDGET

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Government borrowing fell to £7.8 billion in December 2023 giving Chancellor Jeremy Hunt more scope to make the tax cuts he has hinted at in the Spring Budget.

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) data revealed that government borrowing for last December was around half of that borrowed in December 2022.

It also showed that interest payable on government debt fell to £4 billion in December 2023, down by £14.1 billion when compared to December 2022.

During the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, Mr Hunt hinted that he wants to cut taxes

The Chancellor said:

‘In terms of the direction of travel we look around the world and we note that the economies growing faster than us in North America and Asia tend to have lower taxes, and I believe fundamentally that low-tax economies are more dynamic, more competitive and generate more money for public services like the NHS.

‘That’s the direction of travel we would like to go in but it is too early to say what we are going to do.’

The Chancellor will present the Spring Budget on Wednesday 6 March 2024.

Internet link: ONS website GOV.UK

TAX CUTS MAY HAVE TO BE SCRAPPED DUE TO ‘ECONOMIC BIND’, WARNS IFS

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Tax cut promises may need to be scrapped as a result of the UK being in an ‘unfortunate economic and fiscal bind’, the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) has warned.

The next government is likely to face some of the most difficult economic and fiscal choices the UK has faced outside of pandemics, conflicts and financial crises, according to an IFS report.

The IFS said that a combination of high debt interest payments and low expected growth is forecast to make it more difficult to reduce debt as a fraction of national income than in any parliament since at least the 1950s.

The think tank also warned that whilst tax rises and cuts for public services are built into current government plans, public services are ‘showing signs of strain‘ and are ‘performing less well than they were in 2010’.

IFS Director Paul Johnson said:

‘Now more than ever, as a country, we face some big decisions and trade-offs over what we want the state to do and how we’re going to pay for it. Those looking to form the next government should be honest about these trade-offs.

‘If they are promising tax cuts, let’s hear where the spending cuts will fall. If they are going to raise, or even protect, spending, they should tell us where taxes will rise. Or parties might think that further increases in government debt are justified: in which case they should make the argument for why debt should be rising.

‘If to govern is to choose, then to campaign should be to present clear choices and trade-offs to the electorate. If the parties don’t do that clearly and honestly over the next year, we at IFS will do what we can to plug that gap.’

Internet links: IFS website